钢筋UHPC梁正截面抗弯承载力计算方法

超高性能混凝土(ultra-high-performance concrete，UHPC)是一种高强、高韧性和高耐久性的新型水泥基复合材料，具有广阔的应用前景。由于UHPC内的钢纤维能有效控制裂缝开展并提高UHPC的抗拉强度，因此，UHPC构件抗弯承载力分析时，一般计入截面受拉区UHPC的抗拉作用，但对于如何考虑受拉区UHPC的抗弯贡献，国内外相关研究结果间存在较大分歧，因此值得进一步研究。首先，编制钢筋UHPC梁正截面抗弯承载力分析程序，分析不同设计参数对截面受拉区UHPC抗弯贡献的影响。结果表明：配筋率、梁高、钢纤维长度、截面形状和预应力水平是影响受拉区UHPC抗弯贡献的主要参数。基于参数分析结果的回归分析，提出截面受拉区UHPC的均匀分布应力折减系数k的计算公式；通过引入受拉翼缘面积折减系数kf，考虑不同截面形状的影响。在此基础上，提出不同弯曲破坏模式下钢筋UHPC梁抗弯承载力的简化计算方法，并以国内外115根钢筋UHPC梁抗弯承载力试验结果验证所提方法的适用性。     

45 t门座起重机顶升方案设计

针对国内45 t门座起重机大车行走机构平衡梁裂缝问题。分析平衡梁裂缝产生原因并提出相应的维修方案,并对维修关键技术中的顶升方案设计,采用Ansys软件对其强度进行了有限元分析,同时对维修前后的平衡梁进行分析并对比。将维修方案应用于实际工程,取得了较好效果。该顶升机构修复方案设计符合工程实际,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。     

基于可靠度优化扭转梁系统开发成本

基于整车可靠度分解,在置信度、可靠度指标要求下,对系统进行可靠度框图分解,得出零部件级的可靠度要求。简要分析载荷谱的线性累加伪损伤,获取零部件一倍寿命伪损伤值,进而得出最优的样本量区间。根据扭转梁系统R97C50的案例要求,比较扭转梁的零件级试验开发成本、系统级试验开发成本、整车级试验开发成本之间的差异,由零部件试验成本固定为基础,得出系统试验的样本量应该控制为不大于2个样本量,达到优化系统试验成本的目的;使用整车级试验去验证系统级可靠度的成本是系统级试验开发成本的20倍。     

煤巷高效快速掘进技术优化浅析

煤巷掘进效率低容易造成采掘接替紧张,以柠条塔煤矿S12002工作面胶运顺槽和辅运顺槽为工程背景,采用理论分析和现场工程对比试验相结合的方法,分析了制约巷道快速掘进各环节的因素,提出了优化控制对策。在减少顶板锚杆的支护数量,改良锚固方式并增大锚固长度和排距后,支护效率提高了20%,支护密度降低了30%,极大降低了顶板支护环节的时间;对掘进工艺进行优化后,将日单进水平从35 m左右提升到50~60 m左右,月单进水平从900 m提升到1500 m以上,创出了单日掘进75 m新水平,实现了高效快速掘进。实践表明,该方式现场成巷效果良好,可以满足煤巷高效快速掘进的需要。     

Calibration of laser beam direction for optical coordinate measuring system

For the purpose of measuring free form surfaces of some key parts in the aviation field accurately and effectively, such as blades, a non-contact optical coordinate measuring system is set up in the paper. A laser displacement sensor is mounted on the Z axis of a CMM via a turntable and adjusted to the suitable orientation according to the shape of the target surface. The combination of optical sensor and CMM can reach the full potential of them both. To enable the laser sensor to perform measurement in every direction, a calibration method used to determine the laser beam direction based on a standard sphere is proposed, the principle of which is analyzed in detail in the paper. In the calibration procedure, the sensor moves at an equal step along X, Y and Z axes respectively and then equation sets are established to calculate the unit direction vector of the line which the laser beam is on. In the process of solving the unknown quantities, a new parameter substitution method is applied. Finally, a gauging block and a sphere with known size are used to verify the method. As the experimental results show, the measuring errors in several directions are all smaller than 0.05 mm, which manifests that the calibration method proposed can meet the requirements of reverse engineering.     

Experiment and Simulation of Metal Flow in Multi-stage Forming Process of Railway Wheel

To investigate the metal flow during the railway wheel forming process,experiments and finite element method(FEM)simulation were carried out.An axisymmetric modeling for the wheel rolling process was proposed to predict the metal flow in radial direction,by which the whole multi-stage forming process could be simulated in axisymmetric and integral way.The result shows that the axisymmetric simulation method was an effective method to explore the metal flow in radial direction and to analyze the relationships of tools motion during the wheel rolling.The detail information about metal flow in railway wheel forming process was obtained.The metal in the wheel web was from the area near the half radius of the original billet;the chill zone of the billet became an envelope of the rim and part of the web with a maximum thickness of about 6mm below the tread.At the wheel rolling stage,the metal in the rim flowed towards the web;the metal near the surfaces of the conjunction region between the web and rim suffered severe shear deformation.     

Deposition of boron-containing coatings by electron-beam evaporation of boron-containing targets

Boron-containing films are promising materials for improving the hardness, wear-resistance and durability of mechanical parts used in industry. We describe a novel approach for deposition of such coatings – by using electron-beam evaporation of boron-containing target material (pure boron or boron nitride) in inert (helium) or chemically-active (oxygen, nitrogen, residual atmosphere) gases at medium vacuum. Boron-containing films deposited on titanium substrates were characterized using a nanohardness tester and a non-contact 3D profilometer. Elemental composition of the coatings was studied using raster electron microscope equipped with a device for EDX analysis. All boron-containing coatings provided significant improvement (by a factor of 4–16) in the microhardness of the substrate surface.